意昂3系列講座
2016年第32講總第438講
題目：改善印度平均壽命及縮小生活水平差距
Improvement in Life Expectancy and Narrowing of Life Disparity in India
主講人：Akansha Singh
International Institute for Population Sciences
主持人😋：Samir KC
亞洲人口研究中心人力資本方向負責人⛑️，意昂3官网特聘教授
主辦單位🏚：意昂3官网亞洲人口研究中心暨人口研究所
合辦單位📓🙍🏻♀️：上海研究院城市社會治理研究中心
講座時間🌪：2016年6月27日星期一, 10:30-11:30am
講座地點👩🏻🏫：延長校區北大樓308
講座簡介：
Research on mortality in India has focused more on determinants of maternal and child mortality and socio-economic differentials. The improvement in healthcare intervention has led to considerable improvement in maternal and child mortality. As such, mortality research is gradually shifting to assess the pattern of change and decline in overall mortality. There has been some research on looking at the improvement in overall mortality levels. However, as observed in the developed countries, there has been a long-standing tendency for mortality decrease to be steeper at younger than at the older ages resulting increase in the average length of life. This phenomenon of mortality change leads to concentration of deaths at specific ages, studying the dispersion measures of death becomes important looking at this perspective, and their role is important in understanding the differences in improvement in mortality.
Research on mortality in several developed countries has emphasised not only on improvement in the life expectancy but also on deaths in different ages, dispersion of length of life, life disparity, gender differences in mortality and on future improvements in mortality to know the different aspects of mortality improvement. Looking specifically at the life disparity, the relationship between improvements in life expectancy with the disparity in age at death is in a reverse direction in several developed countries. The countries that have been most successful at reducing premature mortality enjoy the highest life expectancies and the greatest equality in an individual’s life spans. This specific aspect of mortality improvement is still not studied in detail in developing countries like India. To fill this gap it was proposed to study the changes in life disparity in detail along with life expectancy improvements, their relationship with each other and to estimate the age- specific contribution of mortality in these measures for India. The study also tried to explore the extent of sex differentials in the mortality decline in the country.
Overall, in this study focus was on the wider aspects of the distribution of death and mortality age structure in the country. It is from these considerations the work is distinct from previous studies on mortality in India concerning concepts, analysis, and interpretations.
目前印度的死亡率的研究更多的集中在孕產婦和兒童死亡率和社會經濟差異的決定因素上😠。醫療保健的發展已經相當大的改善了印度孕婦和兒童的死亡率。因此，死亡率研究正漸漸向評估整體死亡率的變化和下降的格局方面轉變。目前已經有一些研究展聚焦於印度整體死亡率的改善上。然而，正如很多發達國家已經觀察到的現象一樣☕️，青年人的死亡率下降曲線比老年人陡峭是一個長期的趨勢，這一趨勢提升了人們的平均壽命🪷。這種死亡現象的變化提升了學者們對特殊年齡段的死亡率的關註度🏌🏼♀️，從這個角度來看👩🏿🎤，研究死亡年齡段的分散率是十分重要的。
從幾個發達國家的死亡率的研究來看🤵，它們不僅聚焦於平均壽命的改善，同時也關註了不同年齡段的死亡率、壽命分散、生活差距、性別差異等方面的因素🧑🏻🦯，從而更好的理解死亡率改善的不同方面。從具體的生活水平差距來看🍦，平均壽命的改善與不同年齡死亡率分散的關聯度與幾個發達國家相比是相反的。成功減少早產死亡率的國家一般都享有較高的平均壽命和較平等的生活水平。在對死亡率改善的研究中，很多發展中國家😪，比如印度，還沒有涉及到這些特殊方面的研究。為了填補這一空白🎊🛌🏻，這項研究關註於平均壽命改善過程中詳細的生活差距的變化以及他們之間的關系，並估計印度不同年齡段的死亡率。這項研究還關註了印度死亡率下降中的性別差異。
總體而言，這項研究聚焦於死亡分布和死亡年齡結構的各個方面。正是因為加入了這些考慮因素，這項研究不同於以往印度的死亡率研究⚔️。
主講人簡介：
Ms. Akansha is working as a Senior Project Officer (Research) in Longitudinal Ageing Study in India project at International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India and a postdoctoral candidate in Asian Institute for Demographic Research, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University. She has completed Ph.D. in Population Studies after qualifying Junior Research Fellowship of University Grants Commission, Government of India in Population studies. The prime focus of her research has been mortality and health issues in India. Her area of expertise in population and statistics includes Mathematical Demography, Public Health, Survey Data Analysis and Methods, Biostatistics, Applied Statistics and software’s such as SPSS, STATA, R and MLwiN etc. She has published several papers in leading international journals. Ms. Akansha has received Bachelor and Master of Science degree in Statistics from University of Allahabad, India. Ms. Akansha has also received Master of Philosophy degree in Population Studies from International Institute for Population Sciences in 2010 and awarded Government of India fellowship for doing this course.
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